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OBESITY
HEALTH RISKS
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
The
odds of an obese patient having CTS were found
in one study to be almost four times greater
than that of a non-obese patient.
Obesity was found in one study to be a stronger
risk factor for CTS than workplace activity that
requires repetitive and forceful hand use.
Seventy percent
of persons in a recent CTS study were overweight
or obese.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)
Patients with CVI, an inadequate blood flow
through the veins, tend to be older, male, and
have obesity.
Daytime Sleepiness
Severe obesity has been associated with
increased daytime sleepiness even in the absence
of sleep apnea or other breathing disorders.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Patients with
obesity have an increased risk of DVT after
surgery.
Diabetes (Type 2)
Obesity has been found to be the largest
environmental influence on the prevalence of
diabetes in a population.
Obesity complicates the management of type 2
diabetes by increasing insulin resistance and
glucose intolerance, which makes drug treatment
for type 2 diabetes less effective.
End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
Obesity may be a direct or indirect factor in the
initiation or progression of renal disease, as
suggested in preliminary data.
Gallbladder Disease
Obesity and rapid weight loss in obese persons
are known risk factors for gallstones.
Gallstones are common among overweight and obese
persons. Gallstones appear in persons with
obesity at a rate of 30% versus 10% in
non-obese.
Gout
Obesity is associated with increased production
of uric acid and decreased elimination from the
body.
Heat Disorders
Poor heat
tolerance is often associated with obesity.
Hypertension
Weight or BMI in association with age is the
strongest indicator of blood pressure in humans.
The
association between obesity and high blood
pressure has been observed in virtually all
societies, ages, ethnic groups, and in both
genders.
Impaired Immune Response
A decrease in the
activity of scavenger cells, that destroy
bacteria and foreign organisms in the body, has
been observed in patients with obesity.
Impaired Respiratory Function
Obesity has been found to increase respiratory
resistance, which in turn may cause
breathlessness.
Decreases in lung
volume with increasing obesity have been
reported.
Infections Following Wounds
Burn patients
with obesity are reported to develop pneumonia
and wound infection with twice the frequency of
non-obese.
Infertility
Weight loss of
about 10% of initial weight is effective in
improving menstrual regularity, ovulation,
hormonal profiles and pregnancy rates.
Liver Disease
Obesity is the
most common factor of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis, a major cause of progressive
liver disease.
Low Back Pain
Women who are
overweight or have a large waist size are
reported to be particularly at risk for low back
pain.
Obstetric and Gynecologic Complications
High
pre-pregnancy weight is associated with an
increased risk during pregnancy of hypertension,
gestational diabetes, urinary infection,
Cesarean section and toxemia.
Pain
Greater disability, due to bodily pain, has been
reported by persons with obesity compared to
persons with other chronic medical conditions.
Obesity is known to be associated with
musculoskeletal or joint-related pain.
Pancreatitis
-
Obesity is a predictive factor of outcome in
acute pancreatitis. Obese patients with acute
pancreatitis are reported to develop
significantly more complications, including
respiratory failure, than non-obese.
Patients with
severe pancreatitis have been found to have a
higher body-fat percentage and larger waist size
than patients with mild pancreatitis.
Sleep Apnea
There is a 12 to 30-fold higher incidence of
obstructive sleep apnea among morbidly obese
patients compared to the general population.
Among patients
with obstructive sleep apnea, at least 60% to
70% are obese.
Stroke
Urinary Stress Incontinence
Obesity is
reported to be a strong risk factor for several
urinary symptoms after pregnancy and delivery,
continuing as much as 6 to 18 months after
childbirth.
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